At a finite temperature, some of the electrons will be excited to states above the Fermi energy. The probability that a given energy state is occupied by fermions follows the Fermi Dirac distribution ...

À haute température, lorsque les effets quantiques ne se font plus sentir, la statistique de Bose-Einstein, comme la statistique de Fermi-Dirac qui régit les fermions, tend vers la statistique de ...

meeting at points called Dirac points. These points occur at energies near the Fermi level, and they represent the crossing-points in the electronic band structure that electrons avoid. The energy of ...