Adjacent ribose nucleotide bases are chemically attached to one another in a chain via chemical bonds called phosphodiester bonds. Unlike DNA, RNA is usually single-stranded. Additionally ...

A variety of chemical modifications decorate the nucleic acids, increasing the alphabet of DNA to about a dozen known nucleotide variants. The alphabet of RNA is even more impressive, consisting of at ...

GTP is another purine nucleotide that plays a crucial role in cellular signaling and protein synthesis. It is involved in the activation of G proteins, which are important for signal transduction in ...

which typically use Cas9 or other enzymes attached to a CRISPR guide RNA to replace one nucleotide with another. In the case of RNA editing, the enzymes being used in research are predominantly ...

Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) is a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a ... which are specified by three-nucleotide mRNA sequences called codons. Each codon represents a particular amino ...

New gene therapy modalities, such as CRISPR guide RNA (single guide ribonucleic acid [sgRNA]) and messenger RNA (mRNA), ...

One type of mutation, called a point mutation, occurs when a single nucleotide is changed. In RNA, a point mutation can involve the substitution of uracil with another nucleobase, such as cytosine (C) ...