Understanding how air moves across a planet is key to predicting its weather and climate. On Earth, these patterns shape everything from storms to seasonal changes. A new study now reveals how air ...

Study coauthor Michael Manga, a professor of Earth and planetary science at the University of California, Berkeley, and his colleagues previously suggested that volcanic activity in the region, as ...

Manga and his colleagues previously proposed that massive volcanic activity in the Tharsis region, home to the solar system's largest volcanoes, altered Mars' rotation and deformed the once-level ...

He revised that theory in 2017, suggesting that Mars' rotation actually changed while the Tharsis bulge formed, starting about 4 billion years ago. "Because the spin axis of Mars has changed ...

as well as a change in Mars’ rotation, altered the shoreline and caused it to be uneven over time. “Because the spin axis of Mars has changed, the shape of Mars has changed. And so what used ...

as well as a change in Mars’ rotation, altered the shoreline and caused it to be uneven over time. “Because the spin axis of Mars has changed, the shape of Mars has changed. And so what used ...